Impediments to Democratic Consolidation in Pakistan (2008–2015): an Analysis of Key Souring Factors

Abstract

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the multifaceted challenges to democratic consolidation in Pakistan during the critical period of 2008 to 2015 a time marked by the country's transition from prolonged military rule to an elected civilian government. Although the formal restoration of democracy in 2008 signalled hope for political stability, a range of entrenched structural and institutional barriers continued to undermine democratic progress. This paper critically analyzes key political, social, and economic factors that impeded the strengthening of democratic institutions, including persistent political instability, weak governance, systemic corruption, terrorism, and on-going regional tensions. It also evaluates the roles played by political parties, civil society, and the judiciary in shaping the democratic trajectory during this transitional era. By assessing both the gains and setbacks of this period, the study provides a balanced perspective on Pakistan’s democratic evolution. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of democratization in post-authoritarian contexts and offer valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and democracy advocates.