Examining the Role of Parental Involvement and Socio-Demographic Factors in Academic Achievement at the Elementary Level

Abstract

The research aimed to examine the impact of parental involvement on students’ academic achievement at the elementary level. The study compared students based on school type (public/private), parents’ education, and fathers’ profession. A sample of 376 elementary students from Faisalabad was selected. Data were collected from student result cards and questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-Test, ANOVA, and Post-hoc tests. The findings showed no significant difference in academic achievement between boys and girls. However, significant differences were found based on school type and fathers’ profession: students of job-holder fathers performed better than those of businessmen. Additionally, students whose fathers were more educated, especially graduates and above, had higher achievement scores. The study recommended encouraging greater parental involvement and improving conditions in public schools to enhance students’ academic performance.