Global Trends in Entrepreneurship and Startup Human Resources Practices Post-2020

Abstract

The past few years have seen dramatic shifts in entrepreneurship and startup practices worldwide, particularly in managing human resources. This paper synthesises recent data (2020–2024) on global entrepreneurial activity and analyses emerging startup HRM approaches. Key trends include the sustained surge in new venture creation (e.g., a 20% jump in business applications in 2020), alongside rising constraints: for example, nearly 49% of respondents in 2024 avoid launching businesses due to fear of failure. In parallel, remote and hybrid work models have become pervasive. We analyse the most effective HR strategies adopted by startups, including virtual recruitment, talent development, and digital onboarding. Empirical evidence (from industry reports and surveys) is used throughout. We also chart quantitative shifts (see Figures 1–2) and draw policy implications. Findings emphasise that startups are leveraging technology to recruit and onboard globally, prioritising employee well-being and flexibility, and rethinking culture and performance management for distributed teams. For founders and HR leaders, the takeaway is clear: investment in remote-capable HRM (personalised onboarding, trust-based management, digital tools, upskilling) is crucial. For policymakers, supporting entrepreneurship hubs, education, and safety nets can help address entrepreneurial hesitancy and skill gaps.